Gabatarwa ga Kwal
Kwal wani nau'in ma'adinan da aka yi da carbon ne. An tsara shi ta hanyar carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen da sauran abubuwa, waɗanda mutane ke amfani da su a matsayin mai. A halin yanzu, kwal yana da adadin ajiyar da aka bincika sau 63 fiye da man fetur. Ana kiran kwal da baƙin zinare kuma abincin masana'antu, shine babban makamashi tun ƙarni na 18. A lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu, tare da ƙirƙira da amfani da injin tururi, ana amfani da kwal sosai a matsayin mai na masana'antu kuma ya kawo manyan ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki ga al'umma.
Amfani da Kwal
Kwal na kasar Sin ya kasu kashi goma. Gabaɗaya, kwal mai laushi, kwal mai coking, kwal mai kitse, kwal mai iskar gas, kwal mai rauni, mara ɗaurewa da dogon kwal mai harshen wuta ana kiransa kwal mai kama da bituminous; kwal mai laushi ana kiransa semi Anthracite; Idan abun da ke cikin iskar gas ya fi kashi 40%, ana kiransa lignite.
Teburin rarrabuwar kwal (galibi kwal ɗin coking)
| Nau'i | Kwal mai laushi | Meger kwal | Kwal mai laushi | Kwal ɗin coking | Kwal mai mai | Kwal ɗin iskar gas | Rashin ƙarfin kwal | Kwal mara haɗin gwiwa | Dogon kwal mai harshen wuta | Kwal mai launin ruwan kasa |
| Sauyawa | 0~10 | >10~20 | >14~20 | 14~30 | 26~37 | >30 | >20~37 | >20~37 | >37 | >40 |
| Halayen Cinder | / | 0 (foda) | 0(toshe) 8~20 | 12~25 | 12~25 | 9~25 | 0(toshe)~9 | 0 (foda) | 0~5 | / |
Lignite:
Mafi yawansu suna da girma, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, suna da duhu, kuma suna da laushi; Yana ɗauke da kusan kashi 40% na abubuwa masu canzawa, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kuma yana da sauƙin kamawa. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a fannin gasification, liquefaction, power boiler, da sauransu.
Kwal mai siffar bitumen:
Gabaɗaya yana da ƙanana, ƙanana kuma yana da foda, galibi baƙi ne kuma yana sheƙi, yana da laushi mai kyau, yana ɗauke da fiye da kashi 30% na abu mai canzawa, ƙarancin wurin ƙonewa kuma yana da sauƙin ƙonewa; Yawancin gawayin bituminous suna da manne kuma suna da sauƙin fashewa yayin ƙonewa. Ana amfani da shi a masana'antar coking, haɗa kwal, tukunyar wutar lantarki da kuma masana'antar gas.
Anthracite:
Akwai nau'ikan foda guda biyu da ƙananan guda, waɗanda baƙaƙe ne, ƙarfe kuma suna sheƙi. Ƙananan ƙazanta, ƙanƙantar laushi, yawan sinadarin carbon da aka gyara, har zuwa fiye da 80%; Abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas ba su da ƙarfi, ƙasa da 10%, wurin kunna wuta yana da yawa, kuma ba shi da sauƙin kama wuta. Za a ƙara adadin kwal da ƙasa mai dacewa don ƙonewa don rage ƙarfin wutar. Ana iya amfani da shi don yin iskar gas ko kai tsaye a matsayin mai.
Tsarin kwararar kwal
Don niƙa kwal, galibi yana dogara ne akan ma'aunin niƙa na Harzburg. Girman ma'aunin niƙa na Harzburg, mafi kyawun niƙa (≥ 65), da kuma ƙaramin ma'aunin niƙa na Harzburg, haka nan wahalar niƙa (55-60).
Bayani:
① zaɓi babban injin bisa ga buƙatun fitarwa da fineness;
② Babban aikace-aikacen: kwal mai ɗumi mai zafi
Bincike kan samfuran injin niƙa niƙa
1. Injin niƙa mai ƙarfi (HC, jerin injin niƙa kwal da aka niƙa da HCQ):
Ƙarancin kuɗin saka hannun jari, yawan fitarwa, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, kayan aiki masu karko da ƙarancin hayaniya; Abin da ke haifar da hakan shi ne cewa farashin aiki da kulawa ya fi na injin niƙa mai tsaye.
Teburin ƙarfin injin niƙa na HC (raga 200 D90)
|
| HC1300 | HC1700 | HC2000 |
| Ƙarfin aiki (t/h) | 3-5 | 8-12 | 15-20 |
| Babban injin niƙa (kw) | 90 | 160 | 315 |
| Injin busarwa (kw) | 90 | 160 | 315 |
| Motar rarrabuwa (kw) | 15 | 22 | 75 |
Bayani (babban tsari):
① An karɓi tsarin buɗe da'ira na Hongcheng mai lasisi don lignite da dogon kwal mai harshen wuta tare da babban canjin yanayi.
② Tsarin furen plum tare da tsarin pendulum a tsaye yana ɗaukar tsarin hannun riga, wanda ke da tasiri mafi kyau.
③ An tsara na'urar hana fashewa don tsarin.
④ Za a tsara bututun tattara ƙura da bututun don guje wa taruwar ƙura gwargwadon iko.
⑤ Don tsarin jigilar foda, ana ba da shawarar abokan ciniki su ɗauki jigilar iskar gas kuma su ƙara tsarin jigilar nitrogen da gano nitric oxide a cikin yanayi.
2. Injin niƙa kwal na tsaye (injin niƙa kwal na tsaye na HLM):
Babban fitarwa, babban samarwa, ƙarancin kulawa, babban matakin sarrafa kansa da fasahar iska mai zafi mai girma. Rashin kyawun shine babban kuɗin saka hannun jari da babban filin bene.
Bayani dalla-dalla da sigogin fasaha na injin niƙa mai jure wa kwal na HLM (masana'antar ƙarfe)
| Samfuri | HLM1300MF | HLM1500MF | HLM1700MF | HLM1900MF | HLM2200MF | HLM2400MF | HLM2800MF |
| Ƙarfin aiki (t/h) | 13-17 | 18-22 | 22-30 | 30-40 | 40-50 | 50-70 | 70-100 |
| Danshin abu | ≤15% | ||||||
| Ingancin samfur | D80 | ||||||
| Danshin samfurin | ≤1% | ||||||
| Babban ƙarfin mota (kw) | 160 | 250 | 315 | 400 | 500 | 630 | 800 |
Mataki na I:Chanzarta kayan aiki
BabbanKwalAna niƙa kayan ta hanyar niƙa har zuwa mafi kyawun abinci (15mm-50mm) wanda zai iya shiga injin niƙa.
Matakin matakiII: Gyin kurkura
An murƙusheKwalAna aika ƙananan kayayyaki zuwa wurin ajiyar kaya ta hanyar lif, sannan a aika su zuwa ɗakin niƙa na injin niƙa daidai gwargwado ta hanyar mai ciyarwa don niƙa.
Mataki na III:Rarrabayin
Ana tantance kayan da aka niƙa ta hanyar tsarin tantancewa, kuma mai rarrabawa zai tantance foda mara cancantar sannan ya mayar da shi babban injin don sake niƙawa.
Matakin matakiV: Ctattara kayayyakin da aka gama
Foda da ta dace da ƙanƙantar ta na ratsa bututun mai tare da iskar gas ɗin kuma tana shiga cikin mai tattara ƙura don rabawa da tattarawa. Ana aika foda da aka tattara zuwa wurin da aka gama samfurin ta hanyar na'urar jigilar kaya ta tashar fitarwa, sannan a sanya ta cikin tankin foda ko mai shiryawa ta atomatik.
Misalan amfani da sarrafa foda na kwal
Samfuri da adadin wannan kayan aiki: Saiti 3 na injin niƙa na'urorin niƙa na HC1700 na tsarin da'ira mai buɗewa
Sarrafa kayan aiki: Anthracite
Ingancin samfurin da aka gama: raga 200 D92
Ƙarfin Kayan Aiki: Tan 8-12 / awa
Aikin shine samar da daskararren kwal ga injin dumama na karkashin kasa da ake amfani da shi a cikin ma'adinan kwal na Bulianta na wata kungiya. Babban dan kwangilar aikin shine Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwal ta China. Tun daga shekarar 2009, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwal ta kasar Sin ta kasance abokiyar hulda ta Hongcheng kuma babbar kawance. Duk ayyukan injinan sarrafa kwal da aka yi amfani da su a cikin injinan niƙa na Hongcheng da aka yi amfani da su a cikin injinan niƙa na Hongcheng don daidaita tsarin. A cikin shekaru 6 da suka gabata, Hongcheng ta yi hadin gwiwa da gaske da Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwal, kuma ayyukan tace kwal da aka yi amfani da su a cikin injinan niƙa na kwal sun bazu a duk faɗin manyan wuraren samar da kwal a China. Aikin ya rungumi nau'ikan injinan niƙa na Raymond guda uku tare da tsarin da'irar budewa ta HC1700, waɗanda aka tsara musamman don niƙa kwal da aka yi amfani da su. Injin niƙa kwal da aka yi amfani da su a cikin injinan niƙa na Hc1700 yana amfani da da'irar budewa, shigar da na'urar hana fashewa da sauran matakai, kuma tsarin yana da aminci kuma abin dogaro. Fitar da injinan niƙa na HC1700 ya fi na injinan niƙa na gargajiya na pendulum girma da kashi 30-40%, wanda ke adana makamashi kuma yana da kyau ga muhalli.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-22-2021
